Republic of Macedonia

 Republic of Macedonia (Macedonian: is located in South-East Europe within the small landlocked southern Balkans, east of Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro north west of Albania, south of Greece. As opposed to the Republic of Macedonia with Greece, most countries and the United Nations and other international organizations, the country now are being referred to as .
Republic of Macedonia, formerly part of Yugoslavia, now the capital and major city is Skopje. Since independence, Macedonia and Greece, the country name dispute issue, the problem has still to be resolved.
dispute
; Macedonia . Greece believes that the Slavic peoples (Slavic Macedonia) established by the State entitled to use the name as belonging to the Greek name of country. As the Greek protests, most countries, the United Nations, the European Union, the International Olympic Committee Dengjun does not recognize the Republic, the United States, Russia and other former Yugoslav republics.
the early independence of the Republic of Macedonia, had used the flag, in ancient Greece, Macedonia, Greece that the Republic of Macedonia has no right to use the flag. At the same time the Macedonian Constitution, which refers to Minority Affairs, and even in northern Greece have ambitions of territorial expansion.
For these reasons, the early independence of Macedonia, held in Athens, Greece and other places of mass demonstrations to protest the use of the Republic of Macedonia also began in February 1994 to the economic blockade of the Republic of Macedonia, the Republic of Macedonia's foreign trade hit. The Republic of Macedonia in September 1995 the final change in the flag and amend the Constitution (new section reiterates the territory of neighboring countries of Macedonia, without any claims), followed by Greece end the economic blockade. Although Greece, Macedonia, the deepening economic ties between the two countries, but the problem has not yet come to the country name solutions.

history of Greek civilization in ancient Macedonia, the northern end of the border areas, the place BC the rise of the 4th century Macedonian Empire had conquered Asia Minor, Persia, Egypt and other places, to spread Greek civilization throughout the Middle East.
Macedonia in northern Greece, from the upper and lower composition of the two regions of Macedonia. Macedonia is on a mountain plateau, and only Several passes with the outside world. under the Macedonian fertile land suitable for agriculture, is Macedonia's political, economic and cultural center, it is traditional for the Macedonia's suzerainty.
Macedonia's ethnic composition is complex. In the early Bronze era, a group of Greek speaking tribes moved to Macedonia, in batches, after gradually move south, but some people still remain in North Greece. may the 7th century BC, which left people in an occupation of Egypt, Macedonia mm cover, expansion into Macedonia under the coastal plain, forming a Macedonian state. They worship the Greek gods, especially the worship of Zeus and Hera, Chris. on the other Greek tribes in Macedonia and the Illyrians, who sent Ao Niya, Thracian mixed. On the whole, not pure Macedonian Greek, but there is history and relationship with the Greeks.
Macedonia on the road in the development of civilization, the Greeks much later than in the south of the step. In the Greek city-states had to achieve political, economic, cultural highly prosperous times, Macedonia has just entered the threshold of a civilized society. King is the owner of the land, the highest commander of the war, in foreign relations on behalf of the country. He is priests, judges and the Treasurer. but the power of his rule are subject to certain restrictions, the various tribes remained under considerable independence, with its own royal family and the tribal king, during the war as a nominal vassal king to send troops to fight. king hereditary throne, subject to approval by the people, the people also have the right to depose the king. related to cases of treason, to be tried by the people. Macedonians, mostly farmers and herders, but also are fighters. king selected him in the tribal aristocracy comrades in arms, comrades in arms to be completely loyal to the king, usually in palace affairs during the war with the king set off. From these comrades, the king of his selection and some composed of was under Persian rule. but the Macedonian king Alexander I (about BC 495m450) of dark-pass against the Persian invasion of Greek city-states, the Persian military intelligence report.
into the 4th century BC, Macedonia, northern Greece, leaped into the an important country. Macedonian kings to the introduction of their advanced culture and the Greek court, and the Greek city-state trade. the economic development of the Macedonian major changes have taken place, the village into a town, Pera became the largest city in Macedonia and capital of the Kingdom.
Macedonia is really powerful when Philip II. the early summer of 359 BC, Macedonian king's youngest son for the king before the election, the new King Philip's uncle as regent. Philip in his early years hostage in Thebes, and Thebes famous Ipanema close friend south to get to know. He was careful to understand the political situation in the states of Greece, diplomatic means and methods of warfare. This experience greatly to his later success. He was ordered in times of crisis. At this time, the situation in Macedonia is a bit confusing, trying out some territories and independent Macedonia, Philip's half-brother who is waiting for an opportunity compete for the throne. Philip the situation and able calmly and quickly stabilize the situation , won the prestige and power. may at this time, the Macedonian king who breaks a child, elected official for the King Philip, that Philip II (BC 359m336 years).
Philip drastic reforms, first of all strengthened the monarchy. He through conquest, marriage, the selection of his comrades, packet and other means to control the nobles of the tribes in their range, and to weaken their power. For the remote place, the annexation of the time is not ripe to Let the local maintenance of the old system. The conquest of the land is incorporated into Macedonia, and to support their forces there to strengthen the rule of Macedonia. raising his own status with the traditional, Chris claimed to be descendants of Hera.
army Philip conquest and domination is the most important tool. In order to improve the army's mobility and combat techniques, his military system on the basis of tribe, created mainly by the nobles and rich farmers formed a standing army, owned by the direct command of the king. Philip lessons at the end Bies military establishment characteristics, composition of a more intensive, in-depth square Macedonia. He strengthened the army's weapons and equipment, and established a powerful fleet. In short, Philip's military reforms in various branches of the military in Macedonia to better advantages, in coordination. Philip pacification of Greece, Alexander's expedition to the East, the Macedonian army military virtue is this.
economy is the basis for statehood, Philip must not willing to be excluded from outside the maritime trade. To this end , he built a new city, open to the sea, gold mining Pan Aung leather (annual output of 1,000 Tarrant). is particularly important for the currency reform. he gave up the old Persian currency, silver coins to Thrace system, gold coins to Afghanistan Utica system. Thus, in Thrace, Macedonia, and Athens could be the circulation of money within the free trade, especially to the Southern League neighbor Carl Dis trade interest.
Philip's reforms as the Balkans, Macedonia military power. west of Illyria, Epirus, eastern Thrace, north of the camp Ao Niya, are within his sphere of influence. Philip ambitious, have a strong desire to conquer. strengthen the monarchy , land expansion, in power, and neither strife nor the case of foreign aggression, internal strife in the southern Greek city-states still intoxicated further conquest of nature has become his goal. subsequent Macedonia over from the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire (led by the Greeks) other rule .5 century Slavs entered Macedonia, and in the place (especially the inland areas of Macedonia) to settle, and thus laid the divided north and south of modern Macedonia (South: Greek / North: Slavs) basis.
837 years conquered Bulgaria, Macedonia, and in the late 10th century in the place of the Ohrid (Ohrid) in the Byzantine Empire and its capital .1018 conquered Macedonia in the next several centuries in Macedonia Byzantium, Bulgaria and Serbia changed hands between the beginning of the century the Ottoman Empire .15 conquered Macedonia, and began a 500-year rule.
19 century Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia have started Zionism, rise of nationalism, Macedonia Three of the battleground has become common for .1913 of the three countries of the Ottoman Empire won the First Balkan War, the Ottoman will be cut to three countries of Macedonia, but the specific partitioning Macedonia among the three programs because of the outbreak of the Second Balkan War eventually Greece, Serbia beat Bulgaria, Macedonia, three countries will divide up. Serbia received some of the modern Republic of Macedonia's territory. After World War I, Serbia became part of Yugoslavia.
World War II, Greece, Yugoslavia ally, Bulgaria joined the Axis powers led by the German camp, Greece, Yugoslavia, after being captured in Germany, Bulgaria, Macedonia had the most points, but the war between the countries after the end of the pre-war borders and restore the situation.
World War II, Tito led Yugoslavia to become the communist country, 1946, Tito will be separated from Serbia Macedonia became a republic of Yugoslavia In 1991 September 17 FRY Macedonia peace from separation, but the horse immediately, and Greece, country name dispute broke out, the last of Macedonia in 1993, 400,000 ethnic Albanian refugees from Kosovo into Macedonia in the spring of .2001, ethnic Albanians in western Macedonia, began an armed rebellion in a brief civil war broke out in Malaysia, and later the two sides in June in the mediation of EU officials reached a cease-fire agreement, agreed to put down ethnic Albanians armed, Malaysia agreed to give ethnic Albanians more power within the ethnic relations after Ma Guoguo some improvement.
political
Republic of Macedonia to implement a parliamentary democracy, executive power by the Macedonian Parliament (unicameral) political party coalition government control. the symbolic head of state as president, the government is the prime minister.
Macedonia is seeking to join NATO and the EU.
Macedonia is divided into 85 municipalities, the capital of Skopje from 10 composed of the town.

Macedonia is landlocked geography, land accounts for half of the generalized Macedonia. China is mountainous, the main rivers running through north and south of the Vardar (Walter Dahl River). the capital city of Skopje, the largest, Other major cities are Bitola (Bitola), Kumanovo (Kumanovo), Prilep (Prilep), Tetovo (Tetovo).
economic disintegration of the former Yugoslavia
, Macedonia, for domestic the poorest regions, because the socialist economic transformation after independence, the regional situation in the volatile, the United Nations economic sanctions on Serbia, Greece, Macedonia in 94-95 years of economic sanctions, war and other reasons during the year 2001, the Macedonian economy stagnant until the 2002 began to gradually recover, since the place is still one of the poorest countries in Europe.
ethnic Macedonian population
are:
Macedonian Slavic: 64.18%
Albanian: 25.17% < br> Turkish: 3.85%
Roma: 2.66%
Serbian: 1.78%
religion:
Orthodox: 70%
Islam: 29%
 Area name. central and southern Europe, the Balkans region. west Albanian mountains to the east Rhodope Mountains, north of Asian mountains break the southeast Aegean Sea. an area of about 67,100 square kilometers. located in the heart of the Balkans, the south gateway to the Mediterranean, has been as an important trade and military channels. the rise of the ancient Macedonian Empire in the later part of the Roman Empire has .1913 and the Ottoman Empire after the Balkan war years belonged to Yugoslavia, Greece and Bulgaria, the three countries. a major regional city of Thessaloniki ( Xi), Skopje (South).
Republic of Macedonia
The Republic of Macedonia
Republika Makedonija
area of 25,713 square kilometers.
population of 2,106,664 people (1994). Macedonia, a multi-ethnic countries, the main ethnic group in Macedonia (66.67%), Albanians (22.99%), Turkish (3.9%), Romany (2.2%) and Serbs (2.17%). The official language is Macedonian. residents believe Orthodox, Muslim minority.
capital of Skopje (Skopje), population 444,760 people (1994).
Head of State President Boris. Trajkovski (Boris Trajkovski), 1999 was elected in December.
profiles in central Europe, the Balkans, is a landlocked country. west of Albania, south of Greece, Bulgaria, the east, the northern border with Yugoslavia. climate is temperate continental climate dominated most of the agricultural areas the highest in summer temperature of 40 , winter minimum temperature of -30 , the western Mediterranean climate, average summer temperature is 27 , annual mean temperature is 10 .
7th century Slavs moved to Macedonia, half of the 10th century Ye to 1018, Samo Iloilo established the first Macedonian state. Since then, Macedonia and Turkey, a long period under the rule of the Byzantine .1912 for the first time after the end of the Balkan wars, Serbia, Bulgaria and Macedonia, the Greek army occupied the area. After the Second Balkan War in 1913, Cyprus, security and hope to re-divide up Macedonia. geography is part of Serbia, said Walter Dahl Macedonia, is part of Bulgaria, said Pirin Macedonia, belonging to the Greek Aegean part of Macedonia, said. The first Macedonia into the Serbian World War ߶ Xue Kui Sam Temple Overseas Slovenia Kingdom (1929 renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia). World War II, Yugoslavia established the People's Republic (1963 renamed the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), Macedonia, Serbia, Walter Dahl originally became one of the constituent units of the Yugoslav Federation, said the Republic of Macedonia, November 20 In 1991, Macedonia declared independence on April 7 .1993, Macedonia as a temporary name to the United Nations.
politics in 2000, the Macedonian political instability. struggle for power within the ruling coalition, the coalition government reorganized several times. Opposition parties called for the dissolution of government, early elections and the organization of large groups? protests .7 1 Japan, Malaysia's largest opposition Social Democratic League to the Parliament no-confidence motion against the government, far from being achieved since taking office that the government campaign promise to require dismissal of Prime Minister ǰ¶ Nowitzki, but no-confidence motion has not been adopted by Parliament .27, the government was reorganized .8, Masan internal divisions within the party coalition government, parliament members against the current rapid increase in the government, the government faces the risk of impeachment .11 24 May, the coalition government of the democratic choice of the party announced its withdrawal from government, the opposition Social Democratic League for the composition with the largest parliamentary majority to form a new government. Prime Minister ǰ¶ Sharansky's democratic government to replace the selected party members, a larger reorganization of the government. In the end, the internal revolution Ma organizations, ethnic Albanians Democratic and Liberal Party has become a new coalition government.
9 10 May, Ma held local elections, the election of the head of the National District 123 and District Councils and the Mayor of the capital Skopje and the City Council. to Ma composed mainly of the internal revolutionary organization the Alliance for Change won, but the main opposition Social Democratic League in Skopje, Bitola and Tetovo and other cities over a coalition for change.
the Kosovo crisis, Ma Albanian the growing tendency of family separation, ethnic problems have become increasingly prominent. Albanians continue to insist on amending the Constitution to require a main ethnic Albanians, A language an official language. Albanians Democratic Party politics, the Ma government promised to give ethnic Albanians by the corresponding rights of European standards and made a number of initiatives to ease the ethnic conflicts, ethnic conflicts and the domestic horse was relatively slow. Since February 2001, the Kosovo Albanian extremists in Macedonia many times over the Yugoslav border, the village occupied by horses, border guards exchanged fire with the horse. followed by Albanians extremists and border areas in Malaysia's second largest city Tetovo (Albanians inhabited) attack Ma, Ma was heavy fighting back. Meanwhile, the MAA group held rallies, public claim to be the main national, advocate establish a federal, state, horse rising ethnic conflicts. horse after the border conflict, President Ma, government, parliament have issued statements strongly condemning the terrorist acts of ethnic Albanians extremists, decided to take all measures to defend national sovereignty and territorial integrity; criticism in no serious implementation of the Kosovo peacekeeping force mission, protecting the border with Kosovo horse; appeal to the international community to support the horse. Ma also caused the deterioration of the security situation in the international community's serious concerns, violence Albanians extremists unanimously by the international community 21 .3 condemned the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1345, strongly condemned in parts of Malaysia and South Severn region extremist violence, reaffirms the international law and UN Security Council Resolution 1244, Malaysia, South sovereignty, territorial integrity and borders must not violations, requiring the officer to immediately stop for the South, the horse armed activities, lay down their weapons and return to their homes. NATO and the OSCE issued a statement expressing support for Macedonia's security, stability and territorial integrity. strengthened peacekeeping force in Kosovo, a Kosovo side of the horse - South border patrols, allowing police to return the FRY and the horse adjacent areas south of the The situation deteriorated again.
 Constitution November 17, 1991, Macedonia passed a new Constitution, which Macedonia is a sovereign, independent, democratic and welfare state, the president by universal suffrage by secret ballot, five-year term, up to not more than two terms of 1992 and January 6, Ma Parliament amended the constitution, the statement has no territorial claims on neighboring Malaysia.
 Council country's top legislative body, elected for a term of four years. the parliament in 1998 elected in October, from 7 the party's 120 members, consisting of the reform coalition won 62 seats, Social Democratic League 27 seats, 14 seats Democratic Welfare Party, Albanians Democratic Party 11 seats, Liberal Democrats, 4 seats, the Socialist Party and the Gypsy horse Coalition of the 1 seat. now Speaker Stojan. Anduo Fu (Liberal Party).
 government executive body of state power. The Government elected by the parliament. this government formed in November 1998, the Prime Minister Liu Pu Qiao . Georg Jiai Ostrovsky (Ljubco Georgievski) .2000 In November, the Ma government reorganization. the current government members are: Deputy Prime Minister and Minister Zoran matter. Michaels Tew Chomsky (Zoran Krstevski), Deputy Prime Minister Ladd Mira. Kip Calabria Nova (Radmila Kiplijanova), Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Labour and Social Policy Bader Reading. Ibrahimovic Rahimi (Bedredin Ibraxim), Foreign Minister Sier Gu. Kerim (Srga Kerim), Defense Minister Nikolay. Ke Liu SAF (Nikola Kljusev), Minister of Finance Nikola. Gruevski (Nikola Gruevski), the Minister of Justice Nasu Fei (Nasufi), Minister of Economic Affairs bass Nick. Philippines Thailand (Besnik Fetai), Transport Minister Bobby. Spear Khodorkovsky (Bobi Spirkovski), Minister of Science Merieux. Lusha Ni (Merie Rushani), Information Minister Leigai Pu. Zi Late Library (Regep Zlatku), Culture Minister Dimitar. Dimitrov (Dimitar Dimitrov), Youth and Sports Minister Georgi Bhattacharjee. Baoai Fu (Georgi Boev), urban planning and construction minister Du Shike. Lakshman Ephron Sharansky ( Dusko Kadievski), Vladimir Agriculture Minister Siniora. ֱȶ˹ (Vladimir Dzabirski), Health Minister Stoyan. Borghese Danuo Fu (Stojan Bogdanov), Minister of Education Naina De. Martynov Khodorkovsky (Nenad Novkovski ), Trade Minister Nicholas. Gruevski (Nikola Gruevski), Development Minister Mary Jana. ڷ˹ (Marijana Danevska), Immigration Minister Mardin. ڷ˹ (Martin Trenevski ), Minister of the Interior Ba Pule. terazosin Kasyanov (Pavle Trajanov), environment minister Tony. wave Ostrovsky (Toni Popovski), on behalf of local self-government Special Minister of Negev. Nassau non (Gevdet Nasufi), regardless of El Minister Nader. Philippine Jura Hu (Ernad Fejzulahu), Gaier Ji. Nawu Karimov (Gergi Naumov) and Adnan. Qiaxi Er (Adnan Cahil)
Administrative division Administrative Region Macedonia, 123 . include: Skopje, Bitola, Kumanovo, Shen Dipu other.
Judiciary set the Constitutional Court, ordinary courts and prosecutors. of the Constitutional Court about million. the general Ephron Sharansky (Jovan Proevski). ordinary courts in the lower courts (District Court), intermediate (district court) and Supreme Court levels. Supreme Court President Dmitry Recreation. Dimi Shi Khodorkovsky (Dimitrie Dimiskovski), also with economic and military courts. Attorney Stevan. Pa Fu Lie Siji.
political major political parties are: (1) Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization Weixinan Ti d Di Magic Duo saddle blanket stays Bu Cheng Chang ? / font> Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization Democratic Party For Macedonian National Unity): 1990  6 was established, its predecessor was founded in 1893 within the revolutionary organization of Macedonia. About 10 million members. advocates the establishment of an independent Republic of Macedonia, protection of minorities rights against Albanian separatism, through the introduction of market economy Ma Jiancheng rich countries, developing good-neighborly and friendly relations with neighboring countries, striving to join the European Union and NATO. President Liu Puqiao. ǰ¶ Chomsky (Ljupco Georgievski ), in November 1998 as prime minister.
(2) Liberal Party (Liberal Party): 1993  7 was formally established. advocates the establishment of full freedom, to support the Balkans and European Integration .2000 November, the Ma government reorganization , the ruling party to become one of the joint. The President Stoyan. Anduo Fu (Stojan Andov), 2000  11 was elected Speaker to succeed the resignation of former Speaker of the Klimov Sharansky.
(3) Macedonian society Democratic Alliance (The Social Democratic Union of Macedonia): formerly the League of Communists of Macedonia, in 1989 renamed the Republic of Macedonia weapon League Duogou mother often? / font> 1993 years to its present name. internal advocate the establishment of a democratic country of Macedonia and follow the rules of market economy of the new economic system, foreign executive peaceful foreign policy, committed to join the European Union and NATO, good-neighborly relations with neighboring countries, the development of equidistance. The party had long been in power in November 1998 was defeated in parliamentary elections in Malaysia, become the opposition party. President Branko. Crvenkovski (Branko Crvenkovski).
(4) Democratic Welfare Party (Party of Democratic Prosperity): 1990  5 was established for the Albanian political parties. advocates of national equality, seek to amend the constitution to allow the main ethnic Albanians have the status of Arab language as the second official language of Malaysia. The President Abdullah Rahman. Hali Di (Abdurahman Haliti).
(5) Party of Democratic Choice (Democratic Alternative): 1998  3  21  established. Internally, the advocates of human rights and freedoms into Macedonia, based on democratic, developed and prosperous countries; coexistence of diverse forms of ownership, of goods, capital and labor market to fully play a role in the overall The market economic system; an efficient, modern and well-organized army; the 21st century education system, improve the quality of education; protection of the environment and natural resources; external advocates equality and mutual benefit, respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-interference in internal affairs In 1998, after parliamentary elections in November horses, becoming one of the joint party quit the government in November .2000. Main Xiwaxier. Tupu Er Khodorkovsky (Vasil Tupurkovski).
VIP Boris. Trajkovski: President .1956 born in Macedonia in June, graduated from the Macedonian .1980 .1997 Faculty of Law, University of Skopje, Skopje years ago was the corporate legal department, he served as head of .1997-1998 Skopje Sise Lawo Da District, Mayor's Office .1998 late October 1999, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs in December was elected president the year 1999. Liu Puqiao. Georg Audigier Ostrovsky: Prime Minister .1966 was born in Shi Dipu, graduated from the Language and Literature, University of Skopje, Macedonia was established in .1990 Internal Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity, and was elected President since Vice President In 1991, 8 months later resigned from the post in October elected members of .1998, 11 was elected prime minister. Economic horses in the former Yugoslavia are economically backward countries. independence, because the international community on economic sanctions against Yugoslavia, Greece and the blockade of the horse severely affected by the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia ended .1997 economic situation of negative growth, GDP growth of 1.5%; 1998 .1994 5% growth in the privatization of the end of horse developed method, the transition to a market economy. By the end of 1997, the National 1350 a company in 1050 completed the privatization, the privatization of enterprises to create private enterprises and the economic income accounting for 70% of total income, value of GDP 80%.